Antonio Montano’s Personal Website – Random Bits of Knowledge

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From S&OP to Continuous Orchestration: Envisioning the Hybrid Enterprise of Humans and AI Agents

From calendar-driven cycles to signal-driven enterprise adaptation

enterprise architecture

This essay explores the evolution of enterprise planning from traditional Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) toward a paradigm of continuous orchestration, where humans and AI agents act as co-orchestrators of business activity. Classical S&OP, built on monthly cycles and calendar-driven…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Sep 28, 2025
Keywords	S&OP, continuous orchestration, hybrid enterprise, AI agents, CARO, VAOP, tactical vs strategic planning, human–AI collaboration, organizational governance, adaptive systems

From Planning to Orchestration: Reimagining the Enterprise Beyond S&OP

Designing the continuously orchestrated enterprise

enterprise architecture

This essay argues that classic S&OP and its enterprise-wide evolution, IBP, are reaching their limits in environments defined by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. The calendar-bound ontology of plan first, execute later presumes periodic equilibria; today’s enterprises operate…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Sep 21, 2025
Keywords	continuous orchestration, S&OP, IBP, enterprise architecture, VUCA, signal-driven enterprise, rolling forecasts, digital twins, AI agents & automation, IoT, agent-based simulation, cybernetics & feedback loops, governance & decision rights, resilience & adaptability, control towers, concurrent planning, systems thinking, organizational culture, sensemaking, orchestration vs. choreography

Beyond the Hype: What Microsoft’s Copilot Data Really Says About AI at Work

From lofty predictions to real-world clicks: what AI usage data reveals about job impact and the new governance of human–agent organizational models

enterprise architecture

machine learning

This essay critically examines Microsoft’s recent study on the occupational implications of generative AI, which leverages large-scale Copilot usage telemetry and O*NET task mappings to produce an empirically grounded AI Applicability Score across job families. The methodology’s strengths and…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Aug 10, 2025
Keywords	generative AI, occupational impact, process allocation, AI applicability score, organizational flattening, CARO governance, VAOP, human–agent collaboration, enterprise AI strategy, AI-driven organizational change, task-level AI adoption, agent orchestration, enterprise resource governance, robotics

Darwin Gödel Machine: A Commentary on Novelty and Implications

From formal proofs to empirical evolution: re-energizing self-improving AI with the Darwin Gödel Machine

machine learning

Autonomous, self-improving artificial intelligence has long been a theoretical aspiration, yet practical implementations have remained elusive because formal proof–based self-modification is computationally intractable. The recently proposed Darwin Gödel Machine (DGM) breaks this impasse by…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Jun 2, 2025
Keywords	Darwin Gödel Machine, self-improving AI, open-ended evolution, empirical validation, meta-learning, agentic AI, evolutionary computation, recursive self-modification, AI safety, autonomous software engineering

Beyond the Urgency: A Commentary on Dario Amodei’s Vision for AI Interpretability

Exploring the path from sparse features to a global cognitive safety regime

machine learning

Frontier AI systems are sprinting toward super-human cognition, yet their inner goals and reasoning remain opaque. Building on Dario Amodei’s 2025 call to action, this essay argues that interpretability—an “AI-MRI” capable of revealing latent concepts and causal chains—has become the decisive…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Apr 25, 2025
Keywords	AI interpretability and transparency, AI alignment challenges, cognitive safety frameworks, frontier AI systems, explainable AI

Beyond Human Data: A Critical Examination of Silver & Sutton’s “Welcome to the Era of Experience”

How experiential learning could turn the world into AI’s ultimate training ground

Artificial‑intelligence research is poised on the brink of what David Silver and Richard S. Sutton label the Era of Experience—a paradigm in which autonomous agents learn primarily from their own, richly grounded interactions with the world rather than from static corpora of human‑generated data.…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Apr 25, 2025
Keywords	experiential AI, reinforcement Learning, autonomous agents, grounded intelligence, AI alignment

Architecting Change

How I blend enterprise architecture, technology, and interim leadership to transform organizations

enterprise architecture

interim management

digital transformation

A deep reflection on my work as an interim manager and enterprise architect, where urgency, systems thinking, and human leadership intersect. I show how architecture, technology, and culture blend into transformation that is both immediate and sustainable.

Antonio Montano

Modified	Apr 20, 2025
Keywords

Simulating Tethered Buoy Dynamics

How a barely noticed update triggered forgotten emotions

mathematical modeling

This reflection examines the design and simulation of a tethered buoy system, an enterprise bridging nearly inextensible cables, quaternion-based orientation, and implicit time-stepping. It traces the technical challenges and day-to-day engineering realities of merging advanced finite element…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Feb 20, 2025
Keywords

Python: Bridging the Gap Between Human Thought and Machine Code

Reflections on Python and English languages

This essay explores Python’s role as an interface language, serving as an intuitive bridge between human cognitive processes and lower-level programming constructs. Through an analysis of Python’s design philosophy, abstraction capabilities, and widespread adoption across various domains, we…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Oct 5, 2024
Keywords

Sudoku and Satisfiability Modulo Theories

You can solve it the standard way or… with Python and math

We explore the fundamental concepts of SAT (Boolean Satisfiability Problem) and SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories), which are key tools in computer science for solving complex logical and mathematical problems. SAT focuses on determining whether there exists a True/False assignment to variables…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Sep 6, 2024
Keywords	satisfiability modulo theories, sudoku

The Relationship Between Category Theory, Lambda Calculus, and Functional Programming in Haskell

The power of compositionality

This post explores the deep connections between functional programming, lambda calculus, and category theory, with a particular focus on composability, a foundational principle in both mathematics and software engineering. Haskell, a functional programming language deeply rooted in these…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Aug 12, 2024
Keywords	category theory, functional programming, Haskell, lambda calculus

Harnessing Focus: Merging AI and Market Dynamics

The attention paradigm: bridging natural language processing and economic theory

machine learning

This essay explores the intersection of attention mechanisms in natural language processing (NLP) and attention economics, emphasizing how both fields manage information by prioritizing relevance. Drawing inspiration from William James’s insight that attention shapes our experience, it examines…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Jul 31, 2024
Keywords

GPT-4 Anniversary

One year of a mass phenomenon

machine learning

March 2023 marked a turning point in the field of artificial intelligence with the release of OpenAI’s GPT-4. This powerful language model, boasting significant advancements over its predecessors, sent shockwaves through various industries and ignited discussions about the future of human-machine…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Mar 16, 2024
Keywords

Intervento al DABS Day 2024 - Università Ca’ Foscari

GenAI: Dall’intelligenza artificiale all’amplificazione dell’intelligenza?

machine learning

Bel pomeriggio presso l’Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, ospite del Dipartimento di Economia e dell’evento DABS Day 2024.

Antonio Montano

Modified	Mar 15, 2024
Keywords

AI as Important as Fire, Generative AI as the Printing Press, Autonomous Agents as the Wheel – What’s Next?

On finding the right metaphors to frame current and future revolutions

machine learning

We explore metaphors illustrating the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human civilization. Sundar Pichai compares AI to fire and electricity, emphasizing its profound potential and dual nature—capable of immense benefits but also presenting significant ethical challenges…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Feb 11, 2024
Keywords

Color Space Sampling 101

How to uniformly sample a color space?

The evolution of color spaces is a testament to the intersection of art, science, and technology. Each color space has been developed to meet specific needs - from artistic expression and print media to digital interfaces and scientific research. Understanding these spaces is crucial for…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Feb 11, 2024
Keywords

Homomorphic Encryption for Developers

Unlocking data privacy with powerful cryptographic techniques

As data privacy becomes a critical concern in the digital era, cryptographic innovations such as Homomorphic Encryption are paving the way for secure and private data processing. HE allows computations on encrypted data without decryption, enabling privacy-preserving operations across diverse…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Dec 30, 2023
Keywords	cryptography, homomorphic encryption, RSA

Singletons in Python

Ensuring a single instance for shared resources

The singleton pattern is a creational design pattern that ensures a class has only one instance while providing a global point of access to that instance. This post explores the concept of singletons in Python, exploring various implementation methods including naive approaches, base classes…

Antonio Montano

Modified	Dec 11, 2023
Keywords

Controllo delle Partite IVA in Excel Tramite il Servizio VIES

Per utenti senza esperienza di programmazione

personal productivity

Questa guida ti mostra come utilizzare un file Excel per controllare la validità delle Partite IVA tramite il servizio VIES (VAT Information Exchange System).

Antonio Montano

Modified	Nov 25, 2021
Keywords