Posts

Shorter notes, explanations and observations arising from ongoing research and professional practice.

Guerra profonda: recensione tecnica e guida all’approfondimento
Sovranità digitale, guerra algoritmica, AI e conflittualità ibrida nel libro di Arturo Di Corinto
cybersecurity
machine learning
regulation and compliance
🇮🇹

Una lettura tecnica di Guerra profonda di Arturo Di Corinto, pensata come guida alla comprensione e all’approfondimento di sovranità digitale, guerra algoritmica, intelligenza artificiale, conflittualità ibrida, cyber operations, resilienza e diritto.

Antonio Montano
Sep 7, 2026
Modified Sep 7, 2026
Audiences analyst, executive, policy-maker, practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

When Formalization Became Industrial
Fermat’s Last Theorem, Prove2Me, and the transition from proof abundance to formalization abundance
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

Anthropic’s Lean formalization of Fermat’s Last Theorem is evidence of a deeper transition: formalization itself is becoming scalable infrastructure, shifting mathematical scarcity from proof construction toward specification, semantic fidelity, interpretation, curation, and governance.

Antonio Montano
Sep 6, 2026
Modified Sep 6, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Programming Authority Is the Real PLC Security Boundary
Why network reachability, authentication, and controller programming must be treated as separate security states.
cybersecurity
enterprise architecture
enterprise risk management
🇬🇧

Technical guidance for designing, enforcing, operating, and verifying PLC programming authority across modern and legacy OT environments.

Antonio Montano
Sep 5, 2026
Modified Sep 5, 2026
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

After Proof Abundance: Palomar and the New Infrastructure of Mathematical Trust
Formal verification, provenance, semantic fidelity, and institutional governance in machine-scale mathematics
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

A technical and institutional analysis of Palomar as an emerging verification layer for AI-assisted formal mathematics, and of the new scarcities that appear when proofs become abundant.

Antonio Montano
Aug 23, 2026
Modified Aug 23, 2026
Audiences practitioner,researcher,subject-matter expert,technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

The Industrialization of Mathematical Intelligence: Beyond Proof Abundance to Open Questions of Governance
Jacob Tsimerman, Timothy Gowers, and the changing roles of human judgment, agency, and mathematical culture
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

A technical and institutional analysis of Jacob Tsimerman’s account of AI-driven mathematical change, Timothy Gowers’s recent reflections, the Leiden Declaration, frontier-model access, and the open governance questions raised by the industrialization of mathematical intelligence.

Antonio Montano
Aug 19, 2026
Modified Aug 19, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

A CVE Is Not an Article 14 Report: What Actually Makes a Vulnerability Reportable?
How to distinguish identifiers, severity scores, exploitation signals, product evidence, and the CRA reporting threshold
cybersecurity
regulation and compliance
🇬🇧

A practical guide to deciding when a CVE, supplier advisory, KEV entry, scanner result, or zero-day becomes a mandatory vulnerability report under Article 14 of the Cyber Resilience Act.

Antonio Montano
Aug 17, 2026
Modified Aug 17, 2026
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Does the CRA Require Vulnerability Scanning from 11 September 2026? No, but It Does Require a Reporting Decision Process
What manufacturers must have ready for Article 14, what customers can legitimately expect, and how scanners, SBOMs, telemetry, and threat intelligence fit
cybersecurity
regulation and compliance
🇬🇧

A practical guide to CRA Article 14 from 11 September 2026: why vulnerability scanning is not a standalone legal duty, how manufacturers assess and report qualifying events, what customers can expect, and how security tools support the process in IT and OT.

Antonio Montano
Aug 16, 2026
Modified Aug 16, 2026
Audiences analyst, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

When AI Failure Became a Theorem: What the Grothendieck Constant Breakthrough Reveals About Human–AI Mathematical Collaboration
How a long-horizon research system, human judgement, and rigorous verification turned a stalled search into new bounds for one of mathematics’ most elusive constants
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

A technical essay on the mathematical and methodological significance of new bounds for the Grothendieck constant, and on the human–AI collaboration that produced them.

Antonio Montano
Aug 15, 2026
Modified Aug 15, 2026
Audiences analyst, practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Growing Abundance of AI Math: Progress around the Riemann Hypothesis and a Counterexample to the Maxwell Conjecture
Two more research-level results strengthen the case that AI-assisted mathematical discovery is becoming a recurring phenomenon rather than a sequence of isolated demonstrations
generative ai
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

Claude’s new unconditional result on zeros of the Riemann zeta function and a GPT-5.6-Sol-suggested counterexample to the Maxwell conjecture add two significant cases to a growing body of AI-assisted mathematics. This article examines what was actually proved, how the systems contributed, and what the accumulating evidence means for mathematical research.

Antonio Montano
Aug 11, 2026
Modified Aug 12, 2026
Audiences researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

After the Hugging Face Intrusion: What the New Technical Record Changes
A technical update to the July 2026 reconstruction, based on OpenAI’s Black Hat account and subsequent primary disclosures
cybersecurity
generative ai
machine learning
🇬🇧

A technical follow-up to ‘When an AI Evaluation Became a Cyber Intrusion,’ updating the OpenAI–Hugging Face reconstruction with new evidence on Artifactory-backed state persistence, inter-agent coordination, model attribution, and the containment escape.

Antonio Montano
Aug 8, 2026
Modified Aug 9, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

The Withdrawal of HAWK
How a Galois involution cut the effective key-recovery dimension and ended a NIST post-quantum signature candidate
cybersecurity
cryptography
machine learning
quantum computing
🇬🇧

A technical reconstruction of the July 2026 withdrawal of HAWK from NIST’s Additional Digital Signatures process: the official record, the algebraic key-recovery attack, the resulting change in concrete security estimates, the decision not to reparameterize, and the role of AI-assisted cryptanalysis.

Antonio Montano
Aug 8, 2026
Modified Aug 9, 2026
Audiences analyst, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

AI Mathematics Crosses the Systems Boundary
A technical commentary on proof abundance, research agents, and the infrastructure now inside the experiment
cybersecurity
generative ai
mathematics
🇬🇧

A commentary on the late-July 2026 cluster of AI-assisted mathematical discoveries, formal certificates, verifier failures, and escaped evaluations.

Antonio Montano
Aug 1, 2026
Modified Aug 2, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

When the Proof Checker Becomes Part of the Experiment
Lean, Collatz, and the epistemology of proof abundance
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

A technical analysis of the CollatzLean kernel-soundness incident and its implications for Lean-based verification, AI-assisted theorem discovery, and the emerging regime of proof abundance.

Antonio Montano
Jul 31, 2026
Modified Aug 2, 2026
Audiences researcher, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Proof Abundance and the New Practice of Mathematics
Terence Tao on AI, LLM breakthroughs, and the bottleneck of mathematical understanding
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

An analysis of Terence Tao’s stance on artificial intelligence in mathematics, recent LLM-assisted research breakthroughs, and the institutional changes required when proof generation becomes abundant.

Antonio Montano
Jul 25, 2026
Modified Jul 30, 2026
Audiences researcher
Difficulty advanced

The First Scroll Read by Machine Learning
Virtual unwrapping, Herculaneum, and the return of a lost library
machine learning
research
🇬🇧

How synchrotron micro-CT, computational geometry, machine learning, and papyrology recovered the preserved text of PHerc. 1667 without physically opening the carbonized scroll.

Antonio Montano
Jun 28, 2026
Modified Jul 18, 2026
Audiences general reader, student
Difficulty intermediate

When Digital Trust Gets a Deadline
The U.S. 2030 post-quantum cryptography order, enterprise cryptographic debt, and why a federal mandate matters beyond America
cybersecurity
enterprise risk management
quantum computing
🇬🇧

The White House post-quantum cryptography order turns quantum risk into a dated governance problem: not because it is the first PQC roadmap, but because it links federal migration deadlines, cryptographic inventories, CBOM guidance, and procurement pressure. For enterprises, including in Europe, it signals that cryptographic debt is becoming an architectural, contractual, and supply-chain risk.

Antonio Montano
Jun 27, 2026
Modified Jun 27, 2026
Audiences executive, practitioner, subject-matter expert
Difficulty intermediate

When AI Enters the Laboratory
Scientific discovery as a closed loop of prediction, experiment, and correction
machine learning
research
🇬🇧

An analysis of how artificial intelligence is changing scientific discovery by closing the loop between prediction, laboratory experimentation, measurement, and model correction, with examples from superconductors, self-driving laboratories, protein design, antibiotics, and fusion-plasma control.

Antonio Montano
Jun 25, 2026
Modified Jun 25, 2026
Audiences researcher, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

The Industrialization of Intelligence
Neural networks, computational capital, and the transition from artificial general intelligence to artificial superintelligence
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

An analysis of the transition from AGI to ASI as the industrialization of intelligence: neural networks, compute, recursive AI research, epistemic systems, and the geopolitical governance of cognitive infrastructure.

Antonio Montano
Jun 14, 2026
Modified Jun 14, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

When a Nobel Laureate Uses an LLM to Prove a Theorem: A Turning Point for Mathematical Discovery
How AI-assisted proof discovery is reshaping the practice of mathematics
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

A reflection on Giorgio Parisi and Francesco Zamponi’s AI-assisted proof of a jamming-theory identity, showing how LLMs may become part of the cognitive infrastructure of mathematical discovery.

Antonio Montano
Jun 6, 2026
Modified Jun 6, 2026
Audiences researcher, student
Difficulty advanced

The Leiden Declaration and the Governance of AI-Assisted Mathematics
How mathematicians are answering the new cognitive infrastructure of proof
machine learning
mathematics
research
🇬🇧

A reading of the Leiden Declaration as a governance framework for AI-assisted mathematics, defending proof as understanding, authorship as responsibility, attribution as intellectual memory, and public infrastructure as epistemic sovereignty.

Antonio Montano
Jun 4, 2026
Modified Jun 4, 2026
Audiences researcher, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

The New Cognitive Infrastructure of Science
AI, mathematical thought, and the rise of automated research
machine learning
mathematics
research
🇬🇧

An essay on AI-assisted mathematics as the prototype of a new cognitive infrastructure for science, where human researchers, AI agents, formal verifiers, simulators, and institutions form composite systems of discovery.

Antonio Montano
Jun 2, 2026
Modified Jun 2, 2026
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

The Erdős Moment of AI
When a language model entered frontier mathematics and why this changes more than mathematics
machine learning
mathematics
🇬🇧

An analysis of the OpenAI unit-distance breakthrough as an Erdős moment for AI: a signal that machine systems are beginning to participate in abstract mathematical construction, scientific search, and enterprise reasoning.

Antonio Montano
May 24, 2026
Modified May 24, 2026
Audiences researcher, student
Difficulty intermediate

When Vulnerability Databases Become Triage Systems
NIST’s NVD update, record CVE growth, and the economics of AI-scaled cyberattacks
cybersecurity
machine learning
🇬🇧

An analysis of NIST’s 2026 NVD update, record CVE growth, AI-scaled vulnerability discovery, and the shift from CVSS-driven patch queues to enterprise-specific cyber-risk triage.

Antonio Montano
May 22, 2026
Modified May 23, 2026
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

KDE, the Sovereign Tech Fund, and Europe’s Search for Digital Sovereignty
Why public investment in open source desktop infrastructure is becoming a strategic matter for European states
EU digital sovereignty
software
🇬🇧

A short analysis of the Sovereign Tech Fund’s investment in KDE as a signal of Europe’s shift from treating open source as a technical preference to treating it as strategic digital infrastructure and a layer of digital sovereignty.

Antonio Montano
May 21, 2026
Modified May 21, 2026
Audiences policy-maker, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Process Mining: From Theory to Execution
Why quantitative process intelligence is becoming essential for enterprise architecture and digital transformation
digital transformation
enterprise architecture
professional and research work
🇬🇧

A reflection on the Celonis Academy course Process Mining: From Theory to Execution and on process mining as an empirical discipline for enterprise architecture and digital transformation. The article explains how operational event data can reconstruct actual process behavior, expose deviations and performance constraints, and provide a quantitative feedback loop between intended operating models, observed execution, and governed improvement.

Antonio Montano
Nov 17, 2022
Modified May 1, 2026
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Code Sovereignty Starts with the Forge
Why the Dutch government’s Forgejo-based code platform matters for European digital sovereignty
EU digital sovereignty
software
🇬🇧

The Dutch government’s Forgejo-based code platform treats source-code hosting as part of sovereign public infrastructure. This article explains why control over repositories, reviews, identities, releases, and software-supply-chain evidence is essential to public-sector autonomy, and how code.overheid.nl connects Dutch open-source policy with European interoperability, cyber resilience, and digital commons.

Antonio Montano
Apr 30, 2026
Modified Apr 30, 2026
Audiences policy-maker, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

The French state becomes machine readable through an AI layer
Inside the data.gouv.fr MCP server and the new interface stack for public data
EU digital sovereignty
machine learning
software
🇬🇧

France’s experimental MCP server for data.gouv.fr adds an AI-facing interface to national open data infrastructure. This article explains how the server works, what tools it exposes, how users can connect compatible assistants, and why standardized machine-readable access may become a new layer of digital public infrastructure.

Antonio Montano
Apr 18, 2026
Modified Apr 18, 2026
Audiences policy-maker, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

France’s Linux Desktop Turn and the European Logic of Digital Sovereignty
From a French workstation migration signal to the broader European effort to regain control over critical digital infrastructure
EU digital sovereignty
software
🇬🇧

France’s announced move from Windows toward Linux-based public-sector workstations is part of a broader effort to reduce extra-European dependencies. This article examines the official evidence, connects the desktop initiative to sovereign collaboration tools and European digital policy, and compares the French approach with Munich’s migration experience and China’s domestic technology strategy.

Antonio Montano
Apr 12, 2026
Modified Apr 12, 2026
Audiences policy-maker, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Quantum Cryptography at the Edge of Feasibility: Resource Estimates, Architectural Divergence, and Systemic Risk
An analysis of the Google and Oratomic results on Shor’s resource estimates and their implications for the convergence of quantum circuit optimization, error correction, and hardware architectures
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Updated resource estimates from Google Quantum AI and Oratomic show that the quantum threat to public-key cryptography cannot be reduced to a single qubit threshold. This article analyzes how circuit optimization, error-correction efficiency, hardware connectivity, and execution speed jointly determine the feasibility of Shor-based attacks, and explains why the resulting compression of uncertainty makes post-quantum migration an immediate architectural and governance problem.

Antonio Montano
Mar 31, 2026
Modified Apr 11, 2026
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Reclaiming the Namespace: EU Digital Sovereignty in the CVE Ecosystem?
Rebalancing coordination and autonomy: EU digital sovereignty, federated CVE governance, and the conditions for sustainable economic growth
cybersecurity
EU digital sovereignty
🇬🇧

A first-principles analysis of the CVE ecosystem as a global vulnerability namespace, showing why ENISA’s Root CNA role matters for EU digital sovereignty, federated governance, interoperability and economic resilience.

Antonio Montano
Mar 28, 2026
Modified Mar 30, 2026
Audiences analyst, policy-maker, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

What Is a World Model?
From psychological theory to machine learning architectures
machine learning
🇬🇧

A technical and historical introduction to world models, tracing the idea from Kant, Helmholtz, Craik and Tolman to model-based reinforcement learning, latent simulators, multimodal prediction, physical AI and the open problem of causal world understanding.

Antonio Montano
Dec 7, 2025
Modified Feb 11, 2026
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

A Glimpse of Agent Evolution
Intelligence, incentives, and the rise of machine coordination
machine learning
🇬🇧

An analysis of autonomous AI as a coordination problem rather than a property of isolated models. Through Moltbook, Anthropic’s Project Vend, multi-agent failure modes, network effects, and agent skill supply chains, the essay argues that incentives, observability, topology, and institutional rules increasingly determine whether machine populations produce useful collective behavior or stable systemic failure.

Antonio Montano
Jan 31, 2026
Modified Jan 31, 2026
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Quantum Computing Threats and the Advantage of Acting Now
Why trust expires before systems fail, and how early remediation becomes a strategic program rather than an emergency rewrite
cybersecurity
cryptography
enterprise risk management
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Quantum computing threatens more than encrypted data: it can undermine signatures, certificates, software provenance, secure boot, and other long-lived foundations of digital trust. This article explains why trust can lose its evidentiary value before systems visibly fail, and why early action on cryptographic inventory, trust segmentation, lifecycle design, and algorithmic agility is commercially rational even under uncertain quantum timelines.

Antonio Montano
Dec 31, 2025
Modified Dec 31, 2025
Audiences executive, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Beyond De-Skilling: Intelligence Explosion and the End of Skill as a Stable Category
Why generative AI forces a redefinition of mastery, agency, and human value
generative ai
machine learning
society
technology
🇬🇧

A critical commentary on The Atlantic’s The Age of De-Skilling, arguing that the article underestimates the paradigm shift introduced by accelerating artificial intelligence. Rather than a story of skill erosion, this post frames AI as an intelligence explosion that dissolves skill as a stable category and forces a redefinition of human mastery, agency, and accountability.

Antonio Montano
Dec 24, 2025
Modified Dec 24, 2025
Audiences  
Difficulty  

Darwin Gödel Machine: A Commentary on Novelty and Implications
From formal proofs to empirical evolution: re-energizing self-improving AI with the Darwin Gödel Machine
generative ai
machine learning
🇬🇧

The Darwin Gödel Machine turns recursive self-improvement from a largely formal ideal into an empirically testable engineering process. This commentary explains how self-referential code modification, open-ended evolutionary search, frozen foundation models, and benchmark-based selection combine to produce agents that improve not only their task performance but also their own tools and improvement strategies.

Antonio Montano
May 31, 2025
Modified Jun 2, 2025
Audiences researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Beyond the Urgency: A Commentary on Dario Amodei’s Vision for AI Interpretability
Exploring the path from sparse features to a global cognitive safety regime
machine learning
🇬🇧

A critical commentary on Dario Amodei’s argument that interpretability must advance alongside frontier AI capability. The essay examines mechanistic interpretability as infrastructure for alignment, regulation, liability, and machine welfare, then proposes a staged programme of automated feature mapping, real-time monitoring, cognitive audit standards, institutional oversight, and compute-linked transparency obligations.

Antonio Montano
Apr 25, 2025
Modified Apr 25, 2025
Audiences executive, policy-maker, practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Beyond Human Data: A Critical Examination of Silver & Sutton’s Welcome to the Era of Experience
How experiential learning could turn the world into AI’s ultimate training ground
generative ai
machine learning
🇬🇧

A critical examination of Silver and Sutton’s Era of Experience thesis, which proposes that future AI agents will learn primarily from persistent interaction with environments rather than static human-generated data. The essay explains the paradigm, situates it historically, tests its technical and economic assumptions, compares it with competing AI research programmes, and identifies the alignment, sustainability, interpretability, governance, and distributional conditions required for…

Antonio Montano
Apr 20, 2025
Modified Apr 25, 2025
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Architecting Change
How I blend enterprise architecture, technology, and interim leadership to transform organizations
digital transformation
enterprise architecture
professional and research work
🇬🇧

Enterprise transformation requires more than strategy, architecture, or technology in isolation. Drawing on experience across energy, manufacturing, finance, education, and M&A, this article explains how I combine enterprise architecture, hands-on technology leadership, and interim management to create immediate operational progress while leaving organizations with durable capabilities.

Antonio Montano
Apr 20, 2025
Modified Apr 20, 2025
Audiences executive
Difficulty introductory

Simulating Tethered Buoy Dynamics
How a barely noticed update triggered forgotten emotions
mathematics
professional and research work
research
🇬🇧

A reflection on the research behind a numerical model of tethered buoy dynamics, combining mixed finite elements, quaternion-based rigid-body motion, and implicit time integration. The article revisits the technical challenges, industrial origins, and lasting significance of work developed at MOX and published in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering.

Antonio Montano
Feb 20, 2025
Modified Feb 20, 2025
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

GPT-4 Anniversary
One year of a mass phenomenon
generative ai
machine learning
🇬🇧

A retrospective on GPT-4’s first year, examining its rapid public adoption, multimodal evolution, performance on professional assessments, effects on knowledge work, and position within the increasingly competitive generative AI landscape of March 2024.

Antonio Montano
Mar 15, 2024
Modified Mar 16, 2024
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Intervento al DABS Day 2024 - Università Ca’ Foscari
GenAI: Dall’intelligenza artificiale all’amplificazione dell’intelligenza?
generative ai
machine learning
professional and research work
🇮🇹

Un resoconto dell’intervento di apertura al DABS Day 2024 dell’Università Ca’ Foscari, dedicato all’evoluzione dell’intelligenza artificiale generativa, alle sue promesse, ai rischi emergenti e al suo possibile ruolo come strumento di amplificazione dell’intelligenza umana.

Antonio Montano
Mar 14, 2024
Modified Mar 15, 2024
Audiences practitioner, researcher, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

AI as Important as Fire, Generative AI as the Printing Press, Autonomous Agents as the Wheel – What’s Next?
On finding the right metaphors to frame current and future revolutions
generative ai
machine learning
🇬🇧

We explore metaphors illustrating the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human civilization. Sundar Pichai compares AI to fire and electricity, emphasizing its profound potential and dual nature—capable of immense benefits but also presenting significant ethical challenges such as privacy concerns and job displacement. Generative AI is likened to the printing press, democratizing content creation and ushering in a new era of intellectual renaissance, yet raising questions…

Antonio Montano
Feb 10, 2024
Modified Feb 11, 2024
Audiences  
Difficulty  

Color Space Sampling 101
How to uniformly sample a color space?
software development
tutorial
🇬🇧

The evolution of color spaces is a testament to the intersection of art, science, and technology. Each color space has been developed to meet specific needs - from artistic expression and print media to digital interfaces and scientific research. Understanding these spaces is crucial for professionals in fields like photography, design, and digital media, where color accuracy and consistency are paramount.

Antonio Montano
Jan 27, 2024
Modified Feb 11, 2024
Audiences  
Difficulty  

Singletons in Python
Ensuring a single instance for shared resources
software development
tutorial
🇬🇧

A practical guide to implementing the singleton pattern in Python using __new__, base classes, decorators, and metaclasses. It compares their design trade-offs, examines coupling and testability concerns, and shows how to preserve single-instance behavior in multithreaded environments.

Antonio Montano
Mar 8, 2018
Modified Dec 11, 2023
Audiences technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Cryptography
Concepts, roles, and correct use
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Quantum Key Distribution and post-quantum cryptography are often presented as alternative responses to quantum computing, although they solve different problems. This article separates confidentiality, key establishment, authentication, digital signatures, and long-term verifiability to show why PQC is the structural basis of quantum-safe digital trust, while QKD remains an optional mechanism for distributing symmetric keys under restrictive physical and operational assumptions.

Antonio Montano
Jun 23, 2023
Modified Jul 1, 2023
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Cybersecurity in an Era with Quantum Computers: Interpreting Mosca’s Risk Inequality
Why x plus y greater than z turns quantum readiness into a present day governance problem
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
risk management
🇬🇧

Mosca’s risk inequality reframes the quantum threat as a present-day governance problem: the lifetime of protected assets plus the time required to migrate cryptography must remain shorter than the time until current public-key systems become breakable. This article explains the model and derives practical implications for data classification, cryptographic inventories, signing systems, vendor requirements, and migration planning.

Antonio Montano
Dec 8, 2019
Modified Apr 11, 2022
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty introductory

Controllo delle Partite IVA in Excel Tramite il Servizio VIES
Per utenti senza esperienza di programmazione
personal productivity
🇮🇹

Questa guida ti mostra come utilizzare un file Excel per controllare la validità delle Partite IVA tramite il servizio VIES (VAT Information Exchange System).

Antonio Montano
Nov 22, 2021
Modified Nov 25, 2021
Audiences  
Difficulty  
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