Post-quantum cryptography transition

Articles in this series, ordered by most recent update.

The Withdrawal of HAWK
How a Galois involution cut the effective key-recovery dimension and ended a NIST post-quantum signature candidate
cybersecurity
cryptography
machine learning
quantum computing
🇬🇧

A technical reconstruction of the July 2026 withdrawal of HAWK from NIST’s Additional Digital Signatures process: the official record, the algebraic key-recovery attack, the resulting change in concrete security estimates, the decision not to reparameterize, and the role of AI-assisted cryptanalysis.

Antonio Montano
Aug 8, 2026
Modified Aug 9, 2026
Keywords  
Audiences analyst, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Quantum Cryptography at the Edge of Feasibility: Resource Estimates, Architectural Divergence, and Systemic Risk
An analysis of the Google and Oratomic results on Shor’s resource estimates and their implications for the convergence of quantum circuit optimization, error correction, and hardware architectures
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Updated resource estimates from Google Quantum AI and Oratomic show that the quantum threat to public-key cryptography cannot be reduced to a single qubit threshold. This article analyzes how circuit optimization, error-correction efficiency, hardware connectivity, and execution speed jointly determine the feasibility of Shor-based attacks, and explains why the resulting compression of uncertainty makes post-quantum migration an immediate architectural and governance problem.

Antonio Montano
Mar 31, 2026
Modified Apr 11, 2026
Keywords  
Audiences analyst, executive, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Quantum-Safe HTTPS Certificates: Google’s Structural Innovation, Technical Foundations, and Governance Implications
Engineering quantum resistant web authentication through Merkle commitments, transparency logs, and scalable trust infrastructure
cybersecurity
cryptography
essay
quantum computing
🇬🇧

A technical analysis of Google’s Merkle Tree Certificate proposal for quantum-safe HTTPS. The article explains how Merkle commitments and Certificate Transparency logs can amortize large post-quantum signatures across millions of certificates, preserve efficient TLS handshakes, and transform WebPKI authentication from repeated signature verification into compact membership proofs, while introducing new operational and governance dependencies around global transparency infrastructure.

Antonio Montano
Mar 5, 2026
Modified Mar 5, 2026
Keywords  
Audiences analyst, practitioner, researcher, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Quantum Computing Threats and the Advantage of Acting Now
Why trust expires before systems fail, and how early remediation becomes a strategic program rather than an emergency rewrite
cybersecurity
cryptography
enterprise risk management
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Quantum computing threatens more than encrypted data: it can undermine signatures, certificates, software provenance, secure boot, and other long-lived foundations of digital trust. This article explains why trust can lose its evidentiary value before systems visibly fail, and why early action on cryptographic inventory, trust segmentation, lifecycle design, and algorithmic agility is commercially rational even under uncertain quantum timelines.

Antonio Montano
Dec 31, 2025
Modified Dec 31, 2025
Keywords  
Audiences analyst, executive, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

When Digital Trust Expires: Quantum Computing and the Collapse of Signature-Based Security
How quantum attacks turn long-lived signatures into silent integrity and impersonation risks
cryptography
cybersecurity
enterprise risk management
essay
quantum computing
🇬🇧

A technical analysis of how quantum computing can invalidate long-lived digital signatures, trust anchors, and encrypted archives without causing visible system failure. The article distinguishes delayed decryption, delayed forgery, trust-anchor abuse, and retroactive supply-chain compromise, then develops a cybersecurity and governance programme based on cryptographic discovery, agility, limited authority, segmented trust, evidentiary preservation, and post-quantum migration.

Antonio Montano
Dec 26, 2025
Modified Dec 26, 2025
Keywords post-quantum cryptography, quantum computing risk, digital signatures, cryptographic trust, delayed forgery, store now forge later, long-lived trust anchors, supply-chain security, cryptographic agility, quantum readiness, cybersecurity governance, enterprise risk management
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter-expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate

Quantum Key Distribution and Post-Quantum Cryptography
Concepts, roles, and correct use
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
🇬🇧

Quantum Key Distribution and post-quantum cryptography are often presented as alternative responses to quantum computing, although they solve different problems. This article separates confidentiality, key establishment, authentication, digital signatures, and long-term verifiability to show why PQC is the structural basis of quantum-safe digital trust, while QKD remains an optional mechanism for distributing symmetric keys under restrictive physical and operational assumptions.

Antonio Montano
Jun 23, 2023
Modified Jul 1, 2023
Keywords  
Audiences practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty advanced

Cybersecurity in an Era with Quantum Computers: Interpreting Mosca’s Risk Inequality
Why x plus y greater than z turns quantum readiness into a present day governance problem
cybersecurity
cryptography
quantum computing
risk management
🇬🇧

Mosca’s risk inequality reframes the quantum threat as a present-day governance problem: the lifetime of protected assets plus the time required to migrate cryptography must remain shorter than the time until current public-key systems become breakable. This article explains the model and derives practical implications for data classification, cryptographic inventories, signing systems, vendor requirements, and migration planning.

Antonio Montano
Dec 8, 2019
Modified Apr 11, 2022
Keywords  
Audiences analyst, practitioner, subject-matter expert, technical specialist
Difficulty intermediate
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